Year | Investigator | Accuracy | Method |
---|---|---|---|
500? | Philoponus | "small" | drop tower |
1585 | Stevin | $5\times 10^{-2}$ | drop tower |
1590? | Galileo | $2\times10^{-2}$ | pendulum, drop tower |
1686 | Newton | $10^{-3}$ | pendulum |
1832 | Bessel | $2\times10^{-5}$ | pendulum |
1910 | Southerns | $5\times10^{-6}$ | pendulum |
1918 | Zeeman | $3\times10^{-8}$ | torsion balance |
1922 | Eötvös | $5\times10^{-9}$ | torsion balance |
1923 | Potter | $3\times10^{-6}$ | pendulum |
1935 | Renner | $2\times10^{-10}$ | torsion balance |
1964 | Dicke,Roll,Krotkov | $3\times10^{-11}$ | torsion balance |
1972 | Braginsky,Panov | $10^{-12 }$ | torsion balance |
1976 | Shapiro, et al. | $10^{-12 }$ | lunar laser ranging |
1981 | Keiser,Faller | $4\times10^{-11 }$ | fluid support (swimming torsion balance with electrostatic restoring torque) |
1987 | Niebauer, et al. | $10^{-10 }$ | drop tower |
1989 | Heckel, et al. | $10^{-11}$ | torsion balance |
1990 | Adelberger, et al. | $10^{-12}$ | torsion balance |
1999 | Baessler, et al. | $5\times10^{-14 }$ | torsion balance |
Amount (arcsec/century) | Cause |
---|---|
$531.63 \pm 0.69$ | A többi bolygó gravitációs vonzása |
$0.0254$ | A Nap lapultsága (kvadrupólmomentum) |
$42.98 \pm 0.04$ | Általános relativitáselmélet |
$574.64\pm 0.69$ | Összesen |
$574.10\pm 0.65$ | & Megfigyelés |